Birdsell, David S. and Leo Groarke. (1996). Toward a Theory of Visual Argument.Argumentation and Advocacy, 33(1) 1-10.
In Birdsell and Groarke's, Toward a Theory of Visual Argument (1996) the argument that visual components of an argument are just as important as the verbal pieces of an argument. This argument is developed by giving examples through pictures and texts to show how images can convey an argument. Birdsell and Groarke are attempting to explain the importance of visual arguments in order to inform others on the fact that argument and rhetoric come in many different forms. This piece is meant for anyone studying argument, rhetoric, or just curious about depth of images.
On page two, there is an image of a fish smoking with the lines "don't you get hooked!" This image stood out to me because it was the first piece of the article that really engraves into your brain the importance of an image's argument and how much it can mean.
"'Context' can involve a wide range of cultural assumptions, situational cues, time-sensitive information, and/or knowledge of a specific interlocutor" (5). This piece helped me understand the exact definition the authors were using for the word context, as it can be used differently and having a specific example was helpful for understanding the piece.
Myers, Kelly A.. (2011). Metanoia and the Transformation of Opportunity.Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 41(1) 1-18.
In Myers', Metanoia and the Transformation of Opportunity (2011) Myers asserts the definition of Metanoia and Kairos, especially how they relate to today's world compared to the past. Myers goes into detail about the meaning of Kairos, and how Metanoia plays a role in this as well through thorough detail and different examples and explanations. The purpose of this piece is to give a modern day explanation of Kairos in order to give a definition that is relevant to today but still use Kairos in its original context. Myers wants to explain Kairos to current day students, studiers, and those interested in expanding knowledge of time.
"Her voice emerges in Ausonius’s poetry as the goddess who
‘‘exacts punishment for what has and has not been done, so that people regret it’’ (1). This is the first strong explanation of what Metanoia does and how she relates to Kairos.
"When metanoia is used as rhetorical figure, the emotional intensity of the
repentance and regret are minor, the reflection is brief, and the transformation
occurs as more of a revision" (8). This sentence defines Metanoia as a rhetorical figure, and gives a look into the importance of who she is.
Plato (Trans. Benjamin Jowett). (360 BCE:2009). Phaedrus. MIT Classics Archive
Plato's, Phaedrus (360 BCE) argues whether writing everything down is a good or a bad thing, since it could cause us to lose memory. Plato argues this by a conversation being held between Socrates and Phaedrus about what Lysias' speech was and how it's important to be able to debate from memory. The purpose of this piece is to argue whether writing effects memory, in order to show how rhetoric changes and as discourses and technology evolves. The audience was originally intended for the people in Plato's time and his students; however, it is relevant to today with computers storing all of our memories now.
"And I was doubting whether this could have been defended even by Lysias himself; I thought, though I speak under correction, that he repeated himself two or three times, either from want of words or from want of pains; and also, he appeared to me ostentatiously to exult in showing how well he could say the same thing in two or three ways" (Socrates). This quote is the first time Socrates really argues that being able to memorize is important, as Lysias does.
"The disgrace begins when a man writes not well, but badly" (Socrates). For some reason I really liked this quote, and thought it gets at the message that Socrates is attempting to put out there.
de Bary, William Theodore. (2003). Why Confucius Now?. Confucianism for the Modern World. Ed. Daniel A. Bell and Hahm Chaibong, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 361-372.
de Bary's, Why Confucius Now? argues why Confucius' arguments are still important and relevant to today. de Bary argues Confucius practices are still extremely relevant today, through explaining how changing societies and continuity still use ancient ideals. The point of this piece is to bring ancient texts to life today, in order to show the importance of argument and when to use rhetoric in specific situations. This article is meant for anyone studying the connections between ancient texts and today, or anyone who wants to gain a better understanding of what makes arguments strong.
"Confucius' reliance on the inculcation of virtue and ritual respect rather than on laws and regulations means of maintaining public order" (363). This quote gives an insight as to why Confucius is relevant today and how it helps in the world we live in.
"A new multicultural education for a world community will have to combine understanding of both native cultures and world cultures" (370). This gives the reader an understanding as to how Confucius' ideas work today, and what makes Confucius relevant.
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